Wheel means a complete wheel consisting of a rim and a wheel disc

The measuring methods include mitigating alignment error by compensating for wheel runout, and further include measuring wheel runout while the wheel maintains contact with an alignment surface.

This wheel end system provides improved wheel run-out characteristics which are advantageous for disk brake applications and facilitates the use of anti-lock braking system wheel speed sensors.

An improved aluminum full face vehicle wheel is disclosed wherein the associated rim (14) includes a uniquely shaped outboard tire bead seat which facilitates the welding of the rim to the associated wheel disc (12).

A buckle (4) having a cylindrical part (5) for insertion inside the rim of the wheel of the vehicle is positioned asymmetrically perpendicular to, and inside, the tread (1).